Lizani akamaumba ndi ndondomeko ya kupanga chubu osungunula (amatchedwa parison kapena preform) wa zinthu thermoplastic (polima kapena utomoni) ndi kuwayika parison kapena preform mkati nkhungu patsekeke ndi mpweya chubu ndi mpweya wothinikizidwa, kutenga mawonekedwe a M'mimbamo ndikuzizira gawo lisanatuluke nkhungu.
Aliyense dzenje thermoplastic gawo akhoza nkhonya kuumbidwa.
Zigawo sizimangokhala m'mabotolo, pomwe pali potsegulira kamodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa m'mimba mwake kapena kukula kwake kuposa kukula kwa thupi lonse. Izi ndi zina mwazomwe zimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito popakira ogula, komabe pali mitundu ina yazinthu zopangidwa ndi nkhonya, kuphatikiza, koma osangolekezera pa:
- Makontena ambirimbiri opangira
- Udzu, dimba ndi zinthu zapakhomo
- Zithandizo zamankhwala ndi ziwalo, zoseweretsa
- Zomanga zamakampani
- Magalimoto-pansi pamiyala
- Zida zamagetsi
Ombani Njira akamaumba Kupanga katundu
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yakumenyera nkhonya:
- Extrusion nkhonya akamaumba
- Jekeseni nkhonya akamaumba
- Jekeseni Tambasula nkhonya akamaumba
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo ndi njira yopangira parison; mwina ndi extrusion kapena jekeseni akamaumba, kukula kwa parison ndi njira yoyendera pakati pa parison ndi nkhungu zophulika; zokhazikika, zosunthika, zazitali kapena zowzungulira.
Mu Extrusion Nsombazi akamaumba- (EBM) polima ndi kusungunuka ndi olimba extruded kusungunuka ndi extruded kudzera kufa kupanga chubu dzenje kapena parison. Magawo awiri a nkhungu utakhazikika kenako amatsekedwa mozungulira parison, mpweya wopanikizika umayambitsidwa kudzera mu pini kapena singano, ndikupangitsa kuti uzikhala ngati nkhungu, ndikupanga gawo lopanda pake. Pulasitiki wotentha atakhazikika mokwanira, nkhungu imatsegulidwa ndipo gawolo limachotsedwa.
Mu EBM pali njira ziwiri zoyendetsera extrusion, Continuous and Intermittent. Popitilira, parison imachotsedwa mosalekeza ndipo nkhungu imasunthira kutali ndi parisonyo. Pakatikati, pulasitiki imasonkhanitsidwa ndi extruder m'chipindacho, kenako imakakamiza kudzera pafa kuti apange parison. Zoumbazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi kapena mozungulira extruder.
Zitsanzo za Njira Yopitilira ndi Makina Otsatira a Extrusion Shuttle ndi makina a Rotary Wheel. Makina osakanikirana a extrusion atha kukhala Kubwezeretsa kagwere kapena Mutu Wowonjezera. Zinthu zingapo zimaganiziridwa posankha pakati pa njira ndi kukula kapena mitundu yomwe ilipo.
Zitsanzo za magawo opangidwa ndi njira ya EBM zimaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri zopanda pake, monga mabotolo, mafakitale, zoseweretsa, magalimoto, zida zamagetsi ndi ma mafakitale.
Ponena za njira ya Injection Blow Systems - (IBS), polima ndiye jekeseni wopangidwa pachimake mkatikati mwa mphako kuti apange chubu chopanda pake chotchedwa preform. The preforms atembenuza pa ndodo pachimake kwa nkhungu nkhonya kapena amatha kuumba pa siteshoni kuwomba kuti mpweya ndi utakhazikika. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabotolo ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zambiri amakhala 16oz / 500ml kapena zochepa pazotuluka kwambiri. Njirayi imagawika magawo atatu: jekeseni, kuwombera ndikuchotsa, zonse zomwe zimachitika pamakina ophatikizika. Zigawo zimatuluka ndi zolondola zomalizidwa ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi kulolerana kolimba-popanda zinthu zina pakupanga ndizothandiza kwambiri.
Zitsanzo za magawo a IBS ndi mabotolo opangira mankhwala, magawo azachipatala, ndi zodzikongoletsera ndi mapaketi ena azogulitsa.
Jekeseni Stretch Blow Molding- (ISBM) njira ya Injection Stretch Blow Molding- (ISBM) ndiyofanana ndi njira ya IBS yomwe tafotokozayi, chifukwa chakuti preform ndi jekeseni wopangidwa. Preform yemwe amapangidwayo amaperekedwera pachikombole chomenyedwacho, koma asanawombere mawonekedwe, preform imatambasulidwa m'litali komanso mozungulira. Ma polima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi PET ndi PP, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe amthupi omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndikutambasula kwa njirayi. Kutambasulaku kumapereka gawo lomaliza kukhala lamphamvu komanso zolepheretsa zolemera zolemera kwambiri komanso makulidwe aboma kuposa IBS kapena EBM - koma, popanda malire monga zotengera, ndi zina. ISBM itha kugawidwa mu Gawo limodzi ndipo Awiri Gawo ndondomeko.
Mu fayilo ya Gawo limodzi pokonza zonse kupanga preform ndikuphulitsa mabotolo kumachitika makina omwewo. Izi zitha kuchitika pamakina ama 3 kapena 4, (jekeseni, kukonza, kuwombera ndi kutulutsa). Njirayi ndi zida zofananira zimatha kuthana ndi zing'onozing'ono mpaka zazitali zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mabotolo.
Mu fayilo ya Awiri Gawo pokonza pulasitiki imawumbidwa koyamba mu preform pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira jekeseni osiyana ndi nkhonya. Izi zimapangidwa ndi khosi la mabotolo, kuphatikiza ulusi kumapeto kwenikweni kwa kumapeto kwa dzenje lotseguka. Ma preforms awa adakhazikika, amasungidwa, ndikudyetsedwa pambuyo pake mu makina owumbanso otentha. Munthawi ya Double Step Reheat Blow, ma preforms amatenthedwa (nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zotenthetsera infrared) pamwamba pa kutentha kwa magalasi, kenako amatambasulidwa ndikuwombedwa ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri mu zotumphukira.
Njira ziwiri zimayeneranso kuchuluka kwa zotengera, 1 litre ndi pansi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito utomoni mosamala kwambiri wopatsa mphamvu, chotchinga mpweya ndi zina.